So you’ve attended some social emotional learning training and there was a big emphasis on the CASEL framework, yet you were unsure what was being talked about. Here is a quick guide explaining the elements of the CASEL framework and how it could be useful in your classroom.
CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning) is an organization that was founded in 1994 by notable national leaders within the area of social and emotional aspects of life. The aim of this group was to provide educators with resources to support high quality, evidence based, social and emotional learning, seeing it as being a vital part of the education of all students from Pre-K to 12th grade.
Since the beginning of the organization, it has produced a lot of ground breaking guidance in the area of social and emotional learning in schools. These are guides in how to implement a district wide policy, a school wide policy and a helpful guide to the quality/impact of social and emotional learning resources that districts and schools can access.
All this guidance is regularly updated and based on the most current research. Within education, the CASEL guidance is also referred to as the CASEL framework and is based on the model below. 
Source: CASEL
At the heart of the model is the classroom instruction focus and the five competencies, of Self Awareness, Self Management, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills and Responsible Decision Making. Around the classroom focus is the school wide elements that support the social and emotional learning in the classroom and outside. This is the work we all do with families and communities to support social and emotional growth. It is not a standalone in the classroom program that is done in isolation of all the other elements that we know affect growth in this area. A classroom program that focuses on students’ growth in emotional learning is not efficient in a system where there are harsh school wide consequences for emotional outbursts. With all skills that students learn, they need time to get things wrong, practice using them, get it right and see how it feels. By having a school wide system that does not support this for emotional learning the students get a mixed message about their learning. The idea of the CASEL framework for social and emotional learning is to make sure all the systems work together and are integrated so that the learning is happening in various ways all across the places where these skills are practiced and used.
Why is social and emotional learning so important?
Learning is an emotionally loaded activity. When learning something new you have to be open to the possibility that you do not know something, that someone else is going to be in control of this. This can be scary for some students as being in control is their way of coping with the world. Think about that student who sits quietly and says nothing in your class, when called upon, just says ‘I don’t know’, how could they be feeling? That student might be thinking, everyone else gets this and I do not, I am stupid, I cannot do this, I am not as good as everyone else, I wish I could answer this question, I want to be brave but others might make fun of me for not knowing and it goes on. The idea of promoting social and emotional learning in classrooms as a separate area of work is to normalize these thoughts and feelings for all students so that they engage more in their learning. It also has the added bonus that if you have students that are able to talk about these things openly with staff, there are likely to be less negative behavior incidents as they feel more emotionally supported. In the long term by teaching students these skills now, their overall wellbeing and mental health will be positively affected too.
All the research, brain based and classroom, point to the fact that students who are happy and enjoying the process learn and achieve more. If a student is anxious their brain can be full of survival chemicals which do not support the forming of new neural pathways needed for learning something new.
"Indeed, working memory, attention, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility have all been found to be impaired by stress." (Girotti et al, 2017)
By helping students to learn to regulate their emotions better we are making our job as educators of all subjects easier.
For the CASEL framework in my classroom
The core competencies within the framework are Self Awareness, Self Management, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills and Responsible Decision Making and these are used as a basis of social and emotional learning instruction within schools. Here is an explanation of the competencies in more detail.
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Self-awareness is where the students can reliably identify their feelings, thoughts and emotions and understand how they affect their behavior. The student has a true picture of what they are good at and where their weaknesses lie along with having a ‘growth mindset’.
- Self-management is where the student is able to manage their emotions, thoughts and actions in a variety of situations. They are able to control their actions/impulses, cope well with stress, motivate themselves and make a goal and work towards achieving it.
- Social awareness is where a student is able to put themselves in another person’s shoes and see an issue from their point of view. They will be able to see the social limits there are on their behavior and understand how other influences (like family) impact on their life and the lives of others.
- Relationship skills is where the student is able to make and keep positive relationships with others. Developing the skills needed to communicate well, working with others, avoiding the influence of peer pressure, being able to disagree with others in an acceptable way and looking for help when needed.
- Responsible decision-making is where the student is able to weigh up their options and make a thoughtful and well reasoned appropriate choice about themselves or their interaction with others. The student will understand that there are consequences of their decisions and be able to manage this with others well.
|
Self-awareness |
Self-management |
Social Awareness |
Relationship skills |
Responsible decision-making |
| Identifying emotions | Impulse control | Perspective-taking | Communication | Identifying problems |
| Accurate self-perception | Stress management | Empathy | Social engagement | Analyzing situations |
| Recognizing strengths | Self-discipline | Appreciating diversity | Relationship-building | Solving problems |
| Self-confidence | Self-motivation | Respect for others | Teamwork | Evaluating |
| Self-efficacy | Goal-setting | Reflecting | ||
| Organizational skills | Ethical responsibility |
If you have been to some social emotional instructional training I am sure you have been through the program that the district/school is embedding to support instruction in all the competencies. In addition to this, the ways of working throughout the school/district to integrate social and emotional learning in school support systems. 
References
Girotti, M., Adler, S.M., Bulin, S.E., Fucich, E.A., Paredes, D., & Morilak, D.A. (2018). Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 85:161-179.
https://schoolguide.casel.org/
Author: Nicola Jones-Ford
Posted: 11 Nov 2020
Estimated time to read: 8 mins
